Crop Pickup with Torsion Bar Flotation

ABSTRACT

The vertically swingable header of a farm machine utilizes a flotation mechanism having a torsion bar as the source of lifting force. The torsion bar is mounted on the header rather than the base machine and is operably coupled with the base machine through loading apparatus that includes a cam and cam follower system. An alternative embodiment utilizes a cam track fixedly mounted on the base machine.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to contemporaneously filed applications Ser.No. ______ filed _ titled “Baler with Multi-Auger Pickup” and Ser. No.______ filed _ titled “Articulating Windguard for Agricultural Baler.”

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to flotation mechanism for partiallysupporting the weight of a ground-engaging header of a farm machine suchas, for example, the crop pickup of a round or square baler, so that theheader is more responsive to changes in terrain as the machine movesalong the ground than would otherwise be the case. In particular, itrelates to a flotation mechanism that utilizes a torsion bar to providethe desired flotation force.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of one exemplary type of farm machinewith which header flotation mechanism in accordance with the principlesof the present invention may be utilized, the illustrated machinecomprising a large rectangular baler;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary, left rear isometric view of the backand underside of the pickup header of the machine;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged, fragmentary, right rear isometric view of theback and underside of the pickup header;

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary top plan view of the feeding duct and pickupheader of the machine;

FIG. 5 is a rear elevational view of the feeding duct and pickup header;

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view through the feeding duct andpickup header taken substantially along line 6-6 of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view through the feeding duct andpickup header taken substantially along line 7-7 of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 a is an enlarged, fragmentary cross-sectional view through theflotation mechanism taken substantially along line 7 a-7 a of FIG. 5;

FIGS. 8 a, 8 b, 8 c, 8 d and 8 e are schematic illustrations of thepickup header and flotation mechanism illustrating the manner in whichthe flotation mechanism provides flotation force for the header atvarious vertical positions of the header;

FIG. 9 is a chart illustrating the relationship between the verticalposition of the header and the lift force provided by the flotationmechanism; and

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of theinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is susceptible of embodiment in many differentforms. While the drawings illustrate and the specification describescertain preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understoodthat such disclosure is by way of example only. There is no intent tolimit the principles of the present invention to the particulardisclosed embodiments.

In particular, while the present specification and drawings discloseflotation mechanism utilized with the pickup header of a largerectangular baler, the principles of the present invention are notlimited to any particular type of farm machine, nor are they limited toany particular type of harvesting head or header. Thus, it is to beunderstood that a farm machine in the form of a baler, and a head orheader in the form of a pickup, have been selected and disclosed forexemplary purposes only to facilitate an explanation of the principlesof the present invention.

Baler 10 includes a chassis or frame broadly denoted by the numeral 12which is supported for ground travel by wheels 14. A tongue 16 at thefront of the machine is adapted to be coupled with a towing vehicle (notshown). A pickup header 18 is pivotally attached to frame 12 by a pairof pivots 20 on opposite sides of the machine and has a pair of gaugewheels 22 that ride along the ground 24 as the machine advances. Pickupheader 18 is adapted to lift crop materials off the ground as themachine advances, and to deliver the picked up materials rearwardly intoa duct 26 leading upwardly and rearwardly to an interior baling chamber(not shown). As is well understood by those skilled in the art, chargesof crop material accumulating within duct 26 are intermittently stuffedup into the baling chamber between compaction strokes of an interiorplunger (not shown) which compresses the material rearwardly toward anoutlet 28 at the rear of the machine. Adjustable sidewalls 30 restrictthe dimensions of the outlet 28 so as to provide back pressure for theplunger, which thereby compresses the charges of material into acompacted bale as the bales are also incrementally moved rearwardly intothe machine during each compaction stroke of the plunger.

Pickup header 18 may be constructed in a variety of ways. In theillustrated embodiment, pickup header 18 includes a retracting fingerpickup rotor 32 (FIG. 6) that rotates in a clockwise direction viewingthat figure to lift materials off the ground and place them on top of aplatform or shelf defined by the upper surface of a plurality of wrapperstraps 34 that partially encircle rotor 32. In the illustratedembodiment, a pair of lower stub augers 36 are disposed on oppositelateral sides of a centrally disposed inlet (not shown) to duct 26 forgathering materials picked up by rotor 32 toward the center of themachine and then introducing them into such inlet. A pair of upper stubaugers 38 are spaced above lower stub augers 36 on opposite sides of theinlet to duct 26 and cooperate with lower stub augers 36 incenter-gathering the crop materials and in controlling the flow thereofas they enter duct 26.

Preferably, lower stub augers 36 are rotating clockwise viewing FIG. 6such that front peripheral portions thereof are rotating upwardly andrearwardly, while, preferably, upper stub augers 38 are rotatingcounterclockwise viewing FIG. 6 such that front portions thereof rotatedownwardly and rearwardly. Feeding apparatus in the nature of a packermechanism 40 is disposed adjacent the inlet to duct 26 and includes aplurality of forks 42 that intermittently sweep downwardly andrearwardly through the region in front of the inlet to duct 26 andbetween the left and right stub augers 38, 40 to engage incoming cropmaterials and feed the same rearwardly into duct 26. Further details ofconstruction and operation of stub augers 36, 38 and packing forks 42are described in the contemporaneously filed application titled “Balerwith Multi-Auger Pickup” as noted above.

A windguard 44 is attached to pickup header 18 in front of stub augers36, 38 and above lifting rotor 32 for the purpose of confining andcontrolling the inflow of crop materials ahead of the stub augers 36,38. Details of construction and operation of windguard 44 are set forthin contemporaneously filed application titled “Articulating Windguardfor Agricultural Baler” as noted above.

The weight of header 18 is born partially by flotation mechanism broadlydenoted by the numeral 46 so as to lighten the down force exerted bygauge wheels 22 against the ground as the machine is advanced. A primarycomponent of flotation mechanism 46 is a long, transversely cylindricaltorsion bar 48 that, in a preferred embodiment, is mounted on header 18for up and down movement therewith as header 18 moves about pivots 20during changes in the terrain. Torsion bar 48 could also be mounted onframe 12 instead of header 18, but there are significant benefits tohaving it carried by header 18.

In the preferred embodiment torsion bar 48 extends horizontally acrossthe rear of header 18 in parallel relationship with a structural frametube 50 of header 18. Opposite ends of torsion bar 48 are rotatablysupported by bearings 52 and 54 respectively in a pair of brackets 56and 58 projecting rearwardly from and fixed to structural tube 50generally adjacent opposite ends thereof.

The left end of torsion bar 48 has a yoke-shaped lever 60 rigidlyaffixed thereto and projecting generally upwardly and forwardlytherefrom. At the upper, forward end of lever 60, a trunnion 62 swivellysupports an adjustment bolt 64 that interconnects the upper end of lever60 with the rearwardly disposed portion of bracket 56. The head 66 ofadjustment bolt 64 may be adjustably rotated so as to increase ordecrease the space between the upper end of lever 60 and bracket 56,thereby effectively adjusting the stationary anchor point of the leftend of torsion bar 48 to adjust the amount of pre-loaded torsion or“wrap” in bar 48 as will hereinafter be explained in more detail.

In order to wrap up or load torsion bar 48, flotation mechanism 46further includes loading apparatus broadly denoted by the numeral 68 andlocated generally at the right end of torsion bar 48. Loading apparatus68 operably interconnects torsion bar 48 and frame 12 of baler 10 in amanner to twist torsion bar 48 and use the output force to provideflotation for header 18. Loading apparatus 68 includes three majorcomponents, namely, a crank arm 70 fixed to torsion bar 48, a cam 72swingably mounted on header 18 for movement therewith, and a link 74pivotally connected between frame 12 of the machine and cam 72. Thus,crank arm 70 and cam 72 are mounted on header 18 and move up and downwith it, while the rear end of link 74 is mounted on baler frame 12 andmoves up and down with that structure.

The radially inner end of crank arm 70 is fixed to the right end oftorsion bar 48 via a hub 76. On the other hand, the radially outer endof crank arm 70 carries a cam follower 78 in the nature of afree-wheeling roller. Cam 72 comprises a generally upright plate that isswingably attached at its upper end to header 18 by a pivot 80 forfore-and-aft swinging movement in a plane that is perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis of torsion bar 48. A generally boomerang-shaped slot82 is defined within cam 72 and receives follower 78 of crank arm 70.During operation, follower 78 rides along the rear extremity of cam slot82 as hereinafter described. At its lower end, cam 72 has a pivotalconnection 84 with the front end of link 74. At its rear end, link 74 isattached to frame 12 of baler 10 by a pivot 86.

Operation

The operation of flotation mechanism 46 may best be understood byreference initially to FIGS. 8 a-8 e and 9. FIG. 8 a illustrates header18 in a fully raised position relative to the rest of the baler 10.Although gauge wheels 22 in FIG. 8 a are illustrated as being spacedsubstantially above ground line 24, in actual field operations gaugewheels 22 almost always remain in contact with the ground. Flotationmechanism 46 only lightens the load of header 18; it never completelyoffsets the load of header 18 or raises it off the ground. In somesituations it may be desirable to operate header 18 slightly off theground, resting on suitable stops (not shown) as well understood bythose skilled in the art. One or more hydraulic cylinders (not shown)may also be employed to lift header 18 off the ground and, in somecases, to support the header in lieu of mechanical stops. For the mostpart, however, as noted above, header 18 is operated with gauge wheels22 contacting the ground, and the following description will assume thatparticular operating condition for the sake of simplifying anexplanation of the operation of flotation mechanism 46.

Thus, in FIGS. 8 a-8 e, ground line 24 actually comprises the groundlevel at the baler wheels 14, rather than directly under gauge wheels22. For header 18 to be fully raised relative to the rest of the baleras shown in FIG. 8 a, header 18 would have to be intentionally lifted upby suitable hoisting means when the baler is stationary (or lifted bythe hydraulic cylinder(s) mentioned above), or the header would have toexperience a sharp rise in the terrain not yet encountered by balerwheels 14 when the baler is in motion.

It is desirable to have torsion bar 48 preloaded a certain amount whenheader 18 is in its fully raised position of FIG. 8 a. In other words,in the condition of FIG. 8 a, stationary lever 60 at the left end oftorsion bar 48 has been adjustably rotated a certain amount in acounterclockwise direction relative to the right end of bar 48 and crankarm 70 to create a counterclockwise restoring force in crank arm 70. Inthe chart of FIG. 9, this condition corresponds to point A, whereingauge wheels 22 may be 11 inches above the level of ground wheels 14,for example, and the equivalent lift force at gauge wheels 22 fromflotation mechanism 46 is on the order of slightly less than 400 pounds,for example. Although the deflection at point A is indicated on thechart as being 0° at this time, the actual defection of torsion bar 48from an unstressed condition is of course significantly more than 0° atthis time. However, that value serves as a reference point in the chartof FIG. 9 for quantifying the amount of wrap up that occurs at otherpositions of header 18 in FIGS. 8 b-8 e.

The counterclockwise restoring force exerted by crank arm 70 causesfollower 78 to bear against the back edge of cam slot 82 generally nearthe bottom of slot 82. Thus, crank arm 70 seeks to rotate cam 72 in aclockwise direction, which rotation is resisted by baler link 74 becauseit is anchored to baler frame 12 at pivot 86. Baler link 74 thusprovides the lifting force against header 18 that corresponds to theequivalent lift force values at gauge wheels 22 set forth in the chartof FIG. 9.

When header 18 is lowered from the fully raised position of FIG. 8 a, itrotates clockwise about pivots 20, carrying all parts of flotationmechanism 46 with it except for baler link 74. As the rear pivot point86 of link 74 is in a fixed position relative to moving header 18, link74 pushes cam 72 forwardly, i.e., counterclockwise about pivot 80. This,in turn, causes follower 78 to ride upwardly in slot 82, forcing aclockwise movement of crank arm 70 and consequential deflection (wrapup) of torsion bar 48. Thus, by the time header 18 reaches the positionillustrated in FIG. 8 b (corresponding to point B on the chart of FIG.9), torsion bar 48 will have wrapped up an additional 9° while theheader 18 is, for example, approximately seven inches above the groundline 24 at the baler wheels 14.

During further lowering of header 18, link 74 continues to push cam 72in a counterclockwise direction about pivot 80, causing follower 78 toride up further in slot 82 and rotate crank arm 70 clockwise, thusfurther increasing the wrap up of torsion bar 48. The position of header18 in FIG. 8 c corresponds with point C on the chart of FIG. 9. Thismovement from point B to C has resulted in lowering the pickup height toapproximate three inches above the level of the baler ground wheels 14and has significantly increased the deflection of torsion bar 48. Itwill be noted in this respect from the graph of FIG. 9 that the liftforce at the gauge wheels 22 has increased from approximately 400 poundsto approximately 650 pounds during this interval.

One exemplary typical operating range for flotation mechanism 46 isbetween points C and D on the graph of FIG. 9 wherein the gauge wheels22 are between three inches above the level of baler wheels 14 and atthe same level as baler wheels 14. This corresponds to a value of threeinches at point C and zero inches at point D on the graph of FIG. 9. Itwill be noted that within this operating range, the lift force at gaugewheels 22 is relatively flat, increasing only about 50 pounds from 650pounds at three inches to almost 700 pounds at zero inches. This is dueto the geometry of the interacting components of the flotation mechanism46 and the fact that both the torsion bar 48 and cam 72 are carried byheader 18 while link 74 is mounted on the baler frame 12. The conditionof things in FIG. 8 d corresponds to point D on the graph of FIG. 9.

FIG. 8 e illustrates the condition of things when header 18 drops belowthe ground line at baler wheels 14 to a lower limit of travelapproximately three inches below such level. This corresponds to point Eon the graph of FIG. 9. It will be seen that between points D and E, theadditional three-inch drop results in a significant increase in liftingforce at gauge wheels 22 as a result of some additional 8° of wrap up ofthe torsion bar 48. During this interval, the lifting force at gaugewheels 22 has increased from slightly below 700 pounds to approximately825 pounds.

Generally speaking, as torsion bar 48 is deflected, it generates a forceon cam 72. The result is two reactions on cam 72. The reaction at link74 acts to push header 18 upwardly or “float” it. The counter-reactionon pivot 80 of cam 72 acts to pull header 18 downwardly. Additionally,there is a reaction generated where torsion bar 48 mounts to the headerframe. This reaction is an equal and opposite force to that between camfollower 78 and cam 72. As header 18 rotates downwardly, cam 72continues to deflect torsion bar 48, generating an output force in link74. This output force and its corresponding lever arm generate a momentcounter to that of the weight of header 18.

Thus, as baler 10 travels along level ground as illustrated in FIG. 8 dwith header gauge wheels 22 and baler wheels 14 at the same height,flotation mechanism 46 exerts a lifting force against header 18 thatsignificantly lightens header 18. If gauge wheels 22 encounter a rise inthe terrain relative to baler wheels 14 (as illustrated in FIG. 8 c),the ground rotates header 18 upwardly about its pivots 20 in acounterclockwise direction, which causes cam 72 to rotate slightlyclockwise about its pivot 80, allowing follower 78 to drop slightly incam slot 82. Such slight drop of follower 78 allows the restoring forcein torsion bar 48 to rotate crank arm 70 slightly in a counterclockwisedirection, thereby slightly unwinding torsion bar 48 and slightlydecreasing the lifting force exerted by baler link 74. More significantrises in the terrain encountered by gauge wheels 22 relative to balerwheels 14 allow torsion bar 48 to unwind even further, as illustrated inFIG. 8 b for example, as cam 72 rotates further clockwise and follower78 drops further in cam slot 82.

If gauge wheels 22 encounter a drop in the terrain relative to balerwheels 14 from the level condition of FIG. 8 d, header 18 pivotsclockwise about its pivots 20 so that cam pivot 80 is moved closer tobaler link anchor point 86. This has the effect of causing baler link 74to rotate cam 72 counterclockwise to the position shown in FIG. 8 e, forexample, moving follower 78 further up into cam slot 82 and rotatingcrank arm 70 clockwise relative to stationary lever 60. This furtherwraps up torsion bar 48 and increases the lifting force exerted by balerlink 74 on header 18, until such time as the terrain drop is passed andbaler wheels 14 and gauge wheels 22 are once again at the same level.

Utilizing a torsion bar to provide the lifting force in a flotationsystem has a number of significant advantages. For one thing, themechanism is fairly simple and reliable, with fewer components thanconventional coil spring-type flotation systems. For another, thetorsion bar is less susceptible to collecting trash and residue thanconventional coil spring systems, which sometimes have a tendency topinch and trap materials between coils of the springs and other hardwareof the system.

Locating the torsion bar on the header rather than the main frame of themachine provides further significant advantages. For example, in someproduct lines the same header may be used with a variety of differentbase machines, which may have different configurations and dimensions inareas where the header would normally attach. Therefore, in conventionalproducts where much of the flotation mechanism is on the base machine,each different base machine may require its own custom flotation systemto accommodate the unique conditions existing with respect to thatparticular base machine. This creates design issues and increases costsin a number of respects. By mounting the torsion bar on the header andsimply connecting it in a suitable force-transmitting way to the basemachine, the flotation mechanism can remain a single standard design forvirtually all different models of base machines.

Having the torsion bar on the header also helps with dimensional andspace issues. In this respect it is generally helpful to provide a longtorsion bar rather than a short one to obtain the desired output fromthe torsion bar during operation. Inasmuch as the header is usuallywider than the base machine, mounting the torsion bar on the header andorienting its longitudinal axis across the width of the header enables alonger torsion bar to be used than would be the case if the torsion barwere mounted on the base machine. Moreover on the header, the torsionbar can be tucked up under the header in a position where it is lesslikely to collect trash and residue than on the base machine, where moreloose and air-borne materials are prevalent.

The special loading apparatus 68 with its cam 72 and crank arm 70 ishelpful in providing flotation force over a full vertical operatingrange of the header without excessively wrapping up torsion bar 48. Byallowing follower 78 of crank arm 70 to move in cam slot 82 during upand down motion of header 18, a portion of the header travel that wouldotherwise result in wrapping or unwrapping of the torsion bar 48 isdevoted instead to movement of the cam follower 78 within cam slot 82.Thus, the deflection of torsion bar 48 over the full range of operatingtravel of header 18 is less than it would be if baler link 74 wereconnected directly to the radially outer end of crank arm 70, forexample. Furthermore, by coordinating the shape of cam slot 82 with thevarious geometric relationships involved in flotation mechanism 46 andheader 18, the shape of the lifting force curve as illustrated in thechart of FIG. 9 can be designed to most advantageously meet theflotation needs at hand. For example, while the embodiment illustratedin FIG. 9 shows a fairly flat curve between points C and D such that thelifting force through that range of header height is fairly constant, itmay be desired to have a differently shaped curve over the operatingrange. This can be obtained by changing the shape of the cam slot 82,while also taking into consideration the other geometric relationshipsinvolved.

Alternative Embodiment

FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment wherein header 18 is providedwith a flotation mechanism 100 that differs somewhat from flotationmechanism 46 of FIGS. 1-9. Mechanism 100 still has torsion bar 48mounted on header 18 in the same manner as the first embodiment and isstill provided with crank arm 70 at one end of torsion bar 48 andfollower 78 at the radially outer end of crank arm 70. However, in thisembodiment, follower 78 rides along a fixed cam track 102 that isrigidly mounted on frame 12 of the baler. As noted, cam track 102 isinclined downwardly and forwardly at an angle of approximately 30° fromhorizontal and has an upturned forward end 104 that engages follower 78when header 18 is pivoted upwardly near the upper limit of its range oftravel. Torsion bar 48 is wrapped and unwrapped in generally the samefashion as in the first embodiment, except that in this embodiment thebenefits obtained with the swingable cam plate 72 and baler link 74 ofthe first embodiment are lacking.

The inventor(s) hereby state(s) his/their intent to rely on the Doctrineof Equivalents to determine and assess the reasonably fair scope ofhis/their invention as pertains to any apparatus not materiallydeparting from but outside the literal scope of the invention as set outin the following claims.

1. In a farm machine, the improvement comprising: a header engageablewith the ground during advancement of the machine and swingably attachedto a frame of the machine for up and down movement relative to the frameduring changes in the terrain; a torsion bar; and torsion bar loadingapparatus operably coupled with the torsion bar in a manner to twist thetorsion bar and provide a flotation force to the header, said apparatusincluding a cam and a follower operably engageable with said cam.
 2. Ina farm machine as claimed in claim 1, said torsion bar being mounted onthe header for up and down movement with the header relative to theframe.
 3. In a farm machine, the improvement comprising: a headerengageable with the ground during advancement of the machine andswingably attached to a frame of the machine for up and down movementrelative to the frame during changes in the terrain: and a torsion baroperably coupled with the header in a manner to provide flotation forceto the header, said torsion bar being mounted on the header for up anddown movement with the header relative to the frame, further comprisingtorsion bar loading apparatus operably interconnecting the frame and thetorsion bar in a manner to twist the torsion bar and provide a flotationforce to the header said apparatus including a cam and a followeroperably engageable with said cam.
 4. In a farm machine as claimed inclaim 3, said cam being mounted on the frame, said follower beingconnected to said torsion bar.
 5. In a farm machine as claimed in claim4, said apparatus further comprising a crank arm fixed to the torsionbar, said follower being disposed at an outer end of said crank arm. 6.In a farm machine as claimed in claim 3, said cam being pivotallymounted on the header and operably connected with the frame, saidfollower being connected to said torsion bar.
 7. In a farm machine asclaimed in claim 6, said apparatus further comprising a crank arm fixedto the torsion bar, said follower being disposed at an outer end of saidcrank arm.
 8. In a farm machine as claimed in claim 6, said apparatusfurther comprising a link pivotally connected to said frame and to thecam.
 9. In a farm machine as claimed in claim 8, said apparatus furthercomprising a crank arm fixed to the torsion bar, said follower beingdisposed at an outer end of said crank arm.
 10. In a farm machine asclaimed in claim 1, said cam being mounted on the frame, said followerbeing connected to said torsion bar.
 11. In a farm machine as claimed inclaim 10, said apparatus further comprising a crank arm fixed to thetorsion bar, said follower being disposed at an outer end of said crankarm.
 12. In a farm machine as claimed in claim 1, said cam beingpivotally mounted on the header and operably connected with the frame,said follower being connected to said torsion bar.
 13. In a farm machineas claimed in claim 12, said apparatus further comprising a crank armfixed to the torsion bar, said follower being disposed at an outer endof said crank arm.
 14. In a farm machine as claimed in claim 12, saidapparatus further comprising a link pivotally connected to said frameand to the cam.
 15. In a farm machine as claimed in claim 14, saidapparatus further comprising a crank arm fixed to the torsion bar, saidfollower being disposed at an outer end of said crank arm.
 16. In a farmmachine, the improvement comprising: a header engageable with the groundduring advancement of the machine and swingably attached to a frame ofthe machine for up and down movement relative to the frame duringchanges in the terrain; a torsion bar operably coupled with the headerin a manner to provide flotation force to the header, said torsion barbeing mounted on the header for up and down movement with the headerrelative to the frame; and torsion bar loading apparatus operablyinterconnecting the frame and the torsion bar in a manner to twist thetorsion bar and provide a flotation force to the header.